Environmental chemicals and metabolic disruption in primary and secondary human parathyroid tumors

Background: The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism has increased 300% in the United States in the last 30 years, and nearly universal secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with end-stage renal disease. We assess the presence of environmental chemicals on human hyperplastic parathyroid tumor may be contributing factors to this increase.


Methods: hyperplastic parathyroid cryopreserved tumor and normal human parathyroids were analyzed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to an ultra high-resolution spectrometry-mass, bioinformatics and biostatistics.


Results: Detected environmental chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, derivatives dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, and other insecticides. As many as 99% have p, p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. More than 50% contain other environmental chemicals, and many are classified as endocrine disruptors. Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyl 28th-49 level was positively correlated with parathyroid tumor mass.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 concentration in tumors is inversely proportional to the level of the patient’s serum calcium. cellular metabolite in purine and pyrimidine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial energy production is associated with tumor growth and with p, p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on tumor primary hyperparathyroidism. In normal parathyroids, p, p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyl-28, 74 polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated biphenyl-153, but not p, p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene or polychlorinated biphenyl-49, which is detected.


Conclusion: The present environmental chemicals on human parathyroid tumors and warrants detailed epidemiological and mechanistic studies to test for a causal link to human parathyroid tumor growth.

Assessment of the Regulatory Dialogue Between Pharmaceutical Companies and the European Medicines Agency on the Choice of Noninferiority Margins
Assessment of the Regulatory Dialogue Between Pharmaceutical Companies and the European Medicines Agency on the Choice of Noninferiority Margins

Assessing the needs of radiation oncology research in India: survey doctor

Background: In India, where the annual incidence of cancer is projected to reach 1.7 million by 2020, the need for clinical trials to establish the most effective treatment, resource-guided, and evidence-based is paramount. In this study, we sought to better understand the needs of the research training of radiation oncologists in India.


Methods: A 12 item questionnaire developed to assess the training needs of distributed research and research methods course organized by the Indian College of Radiation Oncology, the American Brachytherapy Society and Education Committee of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology for Cancer India Congress 2017.


Results: Of the 100 participants who received the questionnaire, 63% responded. Ninety percent (56/63) are radiation oncologists. Forty-two percent (26/63) of respondents had previously conducted research. A longer length of practice (> 10 years) were significantly associated with conducting research (odds ratio (OR) 6.99, P = 0.031) and had a formal research training trended towards significance (OR 3.03, P = 0.058). The most common reason for not doing the research is a “lack of training” (41%, 14/34). The most common type of research is retrospective audits and studies (62%, 16/26), followed by a Phase I / II / III Trial (46%, 10/26).

After the formal research training is a significant factor associated with the write protocol (OR 5:53, P = 0.016). limited training in research methods (54%, 13/24) and the lack of guidance (42%, 10/24) were cited as the reason for not developing the protocol. Ninety-seven percent (57/59) of the respondents are interested in the study of didactic sessions, specifically focusing on biostatistics.

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Conclusion: The research training and guidance, it is likely that the concept and the written protocol will be translated into the study was completed in radiation therapy.